气相色谱-质谱法测定水中三氯乙醛

建立吹扫捕集/气相色谱/质谱法测定饮用水源地水中三氯乙醛的方法.通过测定不加碱反应水中原有的三氯甲烷以及加碱以后水中的三氯甲烷含量,间接计算出水中三氯乙醛的含量.该方法检出限为0.1μg/L,回收率介于84％～110％之间,相对标准偏差为2.2％～4.8％,能够满足饮用水源地水中三氯乙醛的分析需要.     

基于灰色理论的含腐蚀缺陷油气管道剩余寿命预测分析

含腐蚀缺陷油气管道剩余寿命预测是管道完整性及安全性评价的重要组成部分.以灰色理论的基本模型为基础,提出了管道剩余寿命预测的一种方法,包括预测腐蚀速率的基本步骤以及根据腐蚀速率预测剩余寿命的基本方法,为油气管道腐蚀检测周期的确定提供了一种依据.     

塔山煤矿地质瓦斯规律研究及预测

以瓦斯地质理论为基础,根据矿井建设和生产过程中积累的瓦斯地质资料,分析了地质构造、岩浆岩分布、煤层埋藏深度、基岩特性等主要因素对塔山井田瓦斯涌出的影响。通过研究矿井构造分布与演化特征,得出煤层瓦斯和构造煤的分布规律,对煤层瓦斯进行预测,为矿井瓦斯灾害治理提供了参考。     

巷道掘进中通风—瓦斯—供电联控技术研究

针对霍州煤电有限责任公司店坪煤矿掘进巷道过程中瓦斯涌出的不均衡性,提出了通风—瓦斯—供电联控技术,即掘进工作面通风量根据瓦斯浓度的变化而变化,实现对掘进工作面瓦斯涌出的不间断控制,最终保证掘进工作面的安全生产。     

基于缓冲算子的灰色瓦斯涌出量预测研究

基于灰色GM（1,1）预测模型的构建理论,尝试引入缓冲算子来消除瓦斯涌出量原始数据序列所受到的冲击扰动,并利用MATLAB语言编程实现瓦斯涌出量灰色GM（1,1）预测模型程序化运算,选择合理的精度检验方法对预测模型和结果进行检验判断。通过工程实例,证明了引入缓冲算子改进的GM（1,1）模型预测精度和拟合优度更高,可为煤矿企业正确决策提供一定的理论依据。     

生活垃圾卫生填埋场填埋气体产气量的计算——以临猗县城市生活垃圾处理工程为例

根据我国目前的经济和社会发展水平,在当前和今后相当长的时期内,城市生活垃圾的处置仍将以填埋为主,而填埋气体的产气量对选址及其利用途径的可能性起着重要作用。以临猗县城市生活垃圾处理工程为例,应用预测模型对临猗县城市生活垃圾填埋场产气量进行了计算,以期为下一步填埋气体回收与利用的设计提供理论依据。     

油页岩高温CT实验研究

利用高分辨率显微CT实验系统,对农安、长庆和大庆的油页岩从100℃到600℃不同温度下的细观变化进行了CT测试。通过对比100℃与600℃三个矿区油页岩CT图像的变化,实验结果揭示农安油页岩随温度升高,首先会产生大量热破裂,但部分裂缝会在更高的温度下闭合;长庆的油页岩层理发育且密度大的矿物较多,随温度的升高,其内部的裂缝一直在增加。大庆油页岩更接近煤的热解模式,在高温作用下,会形成大量的连通空洞。与其他两矿油页岩相比,大庆油页岩在高温下孔隙、裂隙的发育最为明显。这种差异反映了油页岩油母成因的本质差别,这种不同将直接导致油页岩最终开采工艺参数选择的不同。     

Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies.New emission factors reflecting local features were also used.The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs.The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models.Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China.The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion.Finally,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.     

Constitutive modeling for unsaturated soils considering gas hardening effect

The influence of gases on unsaturated soils is discussed in the paper.First,the selection of stress state variables is discussed.It is shown that gas pressure as well as generalized effective stress and modified suction are required to construct a constitutive model of an unsaturated soil.The deformation mechanisms of solid,liquid and gas phases in soils are then investigated.It is realized that the deformation of gas phase interacts with the deformations of the other two phases in soils.Gas laws are used to describe the gas behavior.Similar to the other two phases in soil,the change of gas volume can be divided into an elastic part and a plastic part, and the latter part is then introduced to the soil hardening equation to reflect the impact of the gas on the soil.Then,a simple elasto-plastic model considering the gas effect for isotropic states is developed.Finally,the model predictions are given and compared with existing experimental data.A good agreement between them is found.Comparisons of the predictions between our model and Wheeler’s model are also performed.     

Improved acetone sensing properties of flat sensors based on Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers

Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized by an electrospinning method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Gas sensors were fabricated by spinning these nanofibers onto flat ceramic substrates, which had signal electrodes and heaters on their top and bottom surfaces, respectively. Compared with sensors loaded with pure SnO2 nanofibers, the Co-SnO2 nanofiber sensors exhibited improved acetone sensing properties with high selectivity and rapid response and recovery times. The response was 33 when the sensors were exposed to 100 μL/L acetone at 330°C, and the corresponding response with 100 μL/L of ethanol was only 6. The response and recovery times to acetone were about 5 and 8 s, respectively. These results indicate Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers are good candidates for fabrication of high performance acetone sensors for practical application.